What does "thermal cracking" in asphalt pavement refer to?

Thermal cracking in asphalt pavement specifically refers to cracks that develop when the pavement contracts due to low temperatures. As the temperature drops, the asphalt tends to shrink, and if this contraction occurs too quickly or if the asphalt is unable to accommodate the stress, cracks will form. This type of cracking is particularly prevalent in environments that experience significant temperature fluctuations.

The focus on temperature-induced stress highlights the importance of the thermal properties of the asphalt mixture used in construction. Understanding the impact of cold weather on pavement performance is crucial for effective design and maintenance, ensuring that suitable materials and construction techniques are employed to minimize the risk of thermal cracking.

The other choices address different types of cracks unrelated to the thermal properties, such as those caused by heat exposure, heavy loads, or issues during the curing period. Each of these factors contributes to pavement deterioration but does not relate directly to the thermal effects that lead to cracking in cold conditions.